overseas large-scale hydraulic pressure excavator development approximately from on century 70's starts.If the Japanese Hitachi constructs machine the company the UH12 shovel large-scale hydraulic pressure excavator which develops in during 1972-1976 year, its dipper capacity is 2.2m ?, work weight 36t; UH20 dipper capacity 3.2m ?, work weight 50t; UH30 dipper capacity 4.4m ?, work weight 75t.In 1979, Hitachi constructed machine the success to develop the UH50 shovel ultra-large type hydraulic pressure excavator, the dipper capacity has reached 8.2m ?, work weight 175t.After more than 30 years development, the ultra-large hydraulic pressure excavator maximum work weight broke through the 900t level at present, the scoop fights allows to reach 50m ?.Because has the structure compact, the ease of operation, the movement nimble and easy to maintain merits and so on maintenance, the ultra-large hydraulic pressure excavator has formed gradually replaces the steel wire mechanical type or the electromotive type excavator (are named power shovel) the tendency.
The ultra-large hydraulic pressure excavator mainly uses in each kind of large-scale open-air mine mining and the large-scale infrastructure, meanwhile uses in filling in the sea to make the project and the harbor river course opening project, in which shovel type excavator occupies the majority.At present produces the ultra-large excavator the manufacturer mainly to distribute in project machine manufacture powerful nations and so on the US, Japan, Germany, renowned production enterprise advantageous Haire, Carter other forces, Hitachi, the small pine, companies suddenly and so on Trecker Si (O&K).
In 1987, at that time the world biggest Hitachi EX3500 shovel ultra-large type excavator (dipper capacity 18.8m ?, work weight 330t) developed in Japan successfully, and has developed dipper capacity 22m in this year ?, work weight 420t EX4200 shovel ultra-large type excavator.This time the world other companies also one after another develop the production favorable balance of trade large-scale hydraulic pressure excavator, like small pine PC1600, Carter other force 5130, advantage suddenly Haire R992, R994, Trecker Si (O&K)RH20C, RH90C and so on.
After 1990, the ultra-large hydraulic pressure excavator dipper capacity increased unceasingly, has achieved 50m ? above; The engine weight enlarges unceasingly, reaches above 800t, at present already formed the ultra-large mine and the folk recipe hydraulic pressure excavator series.
Hitachi constructs machine succeeds the research and development in 2004 face the mine user's EX8000 ultra-large type hydraulic pressure excavator, the scoop capacity is 40m ?, probably is equal to 6 11 ton tilting skip capacities, biggest work weight 780t, is the biggest rank hydraulic pressure excavator which the present Japan makes.Not only this ultra-large hydraulic pressure excavator may comply with but for reduces the excavation transportation cost to enlarge the mine dump truck load unceasingly the tendency, moreover compares with the steel wire type electric excavator, the ultra-large hydraulic pressure excavator has a better machine motive and operational, is reducing the operation cost aspect also extremely to have the superiority.Until now, Hitachi constructed machine the company already to North America, Australia, Asia and South Africa and so on the large-scale mine has paid about 700 many kinds of model ultra-large hydraulic pressure excavators, occupied the whole world biggest market share in this rank.
The ultra-large hydraulic pressure excavator fast development and the application mainly benefit in it have the good operating performance and the durability, the reliability, enhanced the excavator working efficiency and the economic efficiency enormously.
The superior operation controllability and the work performance are the ultra-large hydraulic pressure excavator remarkable characteristics.The ultra-large hydraulic pressure excavator uses the engine - oil pump electricity control system, may maximum limit display the engine the performance, reduces the oil consumption, causes the machinery to work highly effective.The majority of ultra-large excavator uses the malfunction detection system, the use installs in the cab monitor provides each major component, the system and the complete machine working condition for the pilot, the mechanical operation automaticity and the compatibility enhance greatly.
Moreover, the ultra-large hydraulic pressure excavator work installment also had the enormous improvement, has used the parallel expansion and contraction organization between the bucket arm and the scoop, causes the scoop the operating region enlarge, the work performance enhancement.In order to cause the pilot easily to observe the large-scale dump truck the loading and unloading condition, many ultra-large excavator cab front window has used the anteversion form, enable it to have the good observation field of vision.In order to improve pilot's working condition, in the cab has used the large capacity air conditioner, enables the pilot to be possible the long-firing operation not to send feels weary.Uses the caterpillar band earth length expandable organization on some ultra-large excavator, according to must change the excavator the earth area, enhances the excavator greatly the work performance.In recent years, the domestic and foreign large-scale mines and the hydraulic engineering construction used the non-road dump truck in developed unceasingly to the large scale direction, at present uses many was the 120t-220t level and the greater tonnage dump truck.In order to adapt the dump truck large scale tendency, guaranteed matches in the combination type processes with the dump truck, the ultra-large excavator will enhance the dipper capacity inevitably, will cause in the unit time the work load increase, thus will have the high production efficiency.
Regarding the ultra-large hydraulic pressure excavator, the good service and the maintenance with enhances the productivity, reduces the cost to have the direct relations, also is one of its important performance.At present, the ultra-large excavator basis mechanism and the part set up many monitor project, the pilot may through establish in the cab the monitor understood various part of conditions, like the mechanism, the hydraulic system, walk and working conditions and so on rotation part and scoop.In order to easy to carry on the daily maintenance maintenance, the ultra-large excavator is loaded with many self-lubrication installments, like the Hitachi EX3500 hydraulic pressure excavator was equipped with 31 examination projects, 55 self-lubrication installments, the 5000L fuel tank has divided into 13 parts, for drained the oil the system using the centralism to the fuel tank in the oil injection, the guarantee fuel oil normal supplies.
In recent years, along with the hydraulic pressure excavator technology development, the ultra-large counter-shovel hydraulic pressure excavator development and the market demand increase has aroused the profession interest.The ultra-large excavator in order to obtain the biggest carrying capacity, the majority uses is the large capacity scoop.Compares with the shovel excavator, because the counter-shovel excavator the counter-shovel excavation strength is stable, may carry on the powerful excavation, therefore has the high production efficiency.If the Hitachi EX3500-3 ultra-large type counter-shovel excavator, its dipper capacity is 20.6m ?, the excavation may reach 11m highly.
Our country ultra-large type hydraulic pressure excavator research and development start is late, at present the domestic product large-scale and the ultra-large hydraulic pressure excavator surpasses the 60t level the side to be few.The Sichuan nation sets up the heavy machine limited liability company is our country early develops large-scale and the ultra-large hydraulic pressure excavator enterprise, in recent years, this company succeeds one after another develops has the proprietary intellectual property rights 65t level, the 75t level, the 100t level, the 125t level and the 185t level mineral product and the folk recipe large-scale and the ultra-large hydraulic pressure excavator, has filled the domestic blank. In addition, after 31 heavy industry continue at the beginning of develops successfully the 65t level large-scale hydraulic pressure excavator, it is reported the 200t level ultra-large type hydraulic pressure excavator also soon winding, hopes to participate in this November the project machinery which holds in Shanghai “the BMW to unfold”.
Ministry of Finance about large-scale open-air mineral product machinery shovel type
The excavator and essential spare part raw material import tax policy notice wealth customs duty (2007)99 number various provinces, the autonomous region, the municipality, plan Danlie Provincial finance department (bureau), the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps finance bureau, Ministry of Finance in various provinces, the autonomous region, the municipality, plans the Danlie finance to supervise special commissioner the office: First, according to "Ministry of Finance National development To change Member of a revolutionary committee Main customs administration Country Tax affairs Bureau about To carry out the State Council Speeds up Promotion Equipment Manufacturing industry Certain Opinion Related Import Tax policy Notice" (the wealth customs duty (2007)11 number) the related stipulation, gets up from January 1, 2007 (take imports declaration time as), the import customs duty and the import link increment duty which to the domestic enterprise for the development, the manufacture large-scale open-air mineral product machinery shovel type excavator (hereafter refers to as which shovel type mineral product excavator) to import the part essential spare part, raw material pays implements drafts the backlash first, draws back the tax money to take state investment processing, transfers the national capital in cash, mainly uses in the enterprise new productDevelopment production as well as independent innovation ability construction.Second, this notice called the large-scale shovel type mineral product excavator is refers to the standard to fight accommodates (material density which ≥20m3 determination standard fights accommodates is 1.8 ton /m3) the shovel type excavator (calls “mineral product power shovel”).Proposed the application enterprise should meet following requirement: 1st, has is engaged in the shovel type mineral product excavator design trial manufacturing ability (standard to fight accommodates ≥20m3); 2nd, has the specialized quite complete technical personnel troop; 3rd, has the strong digestion absorbancy and manufacturing ability; 4th, had the explicit market object and the user group.Third, enjoys the tax reimbursement policy the import spare part detailed list to for details see the appendix.The next tax reimbursement commodity detailed list will apply for, policy situations and so on implementation effect, domestic necessary ability according to the enterprise at the right moment carries on the adjustment.Fourth, conforms to this notice second stipulation enterprise like to have to import the essential spare part, raw material which the appendix arranges in order, may through the enterprise locus provincial level people's government or the same level finance department to Ministry of Finance proposed applies to enjoy the tax reimbursement and to transfer the national capital in cash the policy; The central enterprise may directly hand in the application to Ministry of Finance.The enterprise applies for the document the content as well as handles the tax reimbursement the procedure to for details see the wealth customs duty (2007)11 number document.Fifth, gets up from January 1, 2008, to the new authorized inside and outside investment plan (take project examination and approval, approves or sets up a file date as, the following with) imports the standard to fight accommodates (material density which ≤60m3 determination standard fights accommodates is 1.8 ton /m3, the following with) the shovel type mineral product excavator (tax number 8530.5020) all stops the execution import tax-free policy. On January 1, 2008 before authorizes in foreign capital investment plan, its import standard fights accommodates ≤60m3 the shovel type mineral product excavator before July 1, 2008 to report the import, still deferred to "the State Council (country sent the (1997)37 number) about Adjustment Import Equipment Tax policy Notice" the related stipulation execution; On July 1, 2008 (including July 1) later will fight will accommodate ≤60m3 the shovel type mineral product excavator to the standard all to stop the execution import tax-free policy.
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